Taxidermy is far more than the stereotypical image of a dusty deer head in a hunting lodge. It’s a unique combination of art, science, and preservation that has fascinated people for centuries. Whether you're a collector, a nature enthusiast, or someone curious about the field, understanding what taxidermy truly involves opens up a world of historical, ethical, and artistic insights.
At its core, taxidermy is the practice of preserving an animal’s body through mounting or stuffing for display or study. The word comes from the Greek words "taxis" (arrangement) and "derma" (skin). Contrary to common assumptions, it doesn't involve "stuffing" animals in a crude sense; modern taxidermists use advanced techniques to recreate lifelike forms using polyurethane forms, clay, and detailed sculpting.
Taxidermy arguably dates back to ancient Egypt, where animal mummification was common. However, in the case of mummification, bones and certain internal organs were left inside of the body, which was persevered through the mummification process. In taxidermy, the animal’s skin is typically removed entirely and this makes the taxidermy process distinctive from mummification.
In the 18th and 19th centuries during the golden age of exploration and natural history the practice of taxidermy evolved quite significantly. Museums like the American Museum of Natural History in New York and London’s Natural History Museum began featuring exotic animal specimens preserved through taxidermy to educate the public about global biodiversity.
In Victorian England, taxidermy reached the height of popularity as part of parlor displays and "curiosity cabinets" filled with specimens of plants, animals and minerals sourced from the far reaches of the British Empire; such displays were a rather eccentric way of demonstrating both wealth and worldliness.
Reference: SmithsonianMagazine: The Art and History of Taxidermy
There are several steps involved in modern taxidermy:
Modern taxidermists often use reference photos, videos, and anatomical models to achieve realism. Unlike in earlier centuries, contemporary mounts typically aim to represent animals in natural, dynamic poses rather than static or exaggerated ones, though there are certainly exceptions to the rule.
There are several forms of preservation that are generally described as “taxidermy.”
Each type has a different appeal, perceived value and price point, which is something to consider if you are collecting or selling.
While taxidermy is often associated with hunting trophies, it plays a much more diverse role in education, conservation, and even contemporary art. Most museums of Natural History still rely on taxidermy to tell stories about extinct or endangered animals. Wildlife artists use mounted animals to study anatomy. Some modern artists, like Polly Morgan, Damien Hirst, and Kate Clark use taxidermy to explore philosophical themes of life and death.
The ethics of taxidermy are more nuanced than they may appear. Reputable taxidermists only work with animals that died naturally, were ethically hunted, or were part of conservation programs. The goal is not exploitation but preservation and respect.
The taxidermy market is expanding thanks to interior designers, collectors, and natural history lovers. According to a report by IBISWorld, the taxidermy services industry in the U.S. generates over $300 million annually. Online taxidermy auctions and niche platforms have made it easier than ever to buy, sell, and trade pieces.
As someone deeply involved in the taxidermy auction space, I've seen firsthand the variety in craftsmanship and quality. A shoulder-mounted elk with expert facial detailing can fetch thousands of dollars, while poor-quality mounts struggle to sell at all.
One of my earliest pieces was a vintage African kudu mount from the 1970s, it had glass eyes so realistic, I was transfixed by it gaze, believing that I had never seen such a majestic-looking creature in all of my life.
Collectors should always check for craftsmanship details like symmetry, fur quality, and lifelike expression, and for pieces that speak to them in a visceral sense.
Taxidermy is not just about preserving sport-hunted trophies or even stuffing random dead animals; it's about preserving stories, culture, and artistry. Whether you're looking to start collecting, sell a piece, or simply learn about the hobby, we hope this brief introduction to taxidermy gives you a richer appreciation for a timeless craft at the intersection of art and science.
